Sodium Croscarmellose
Sodium Croscarmellose Powder (CMC) is a crosslinked sodium carboxymethylcellulose derivative, widely used as a disintegrant in pharmaceutical formulations, especially in oral dosage forms like tablets and capsules. It aids in breaking down tablets and capsules rapidly after ingestion, allowing the active ingredients to be released quickly for better absorption.
Introduction:
Sodium croscarmellose is an essential excipient in the pharmaceutical industry. It is primarily used as a disintegrant due to its ability to absorb water and swell, which helps in the breakdown of solid dosage forms in the gastrointestinal tract. This excipient plays a crucial role in ensuring that tablets disintegrate quickly, ensuring the effectiveness of the drug and enhancing bioavailability.
Technical Data:
- Chemical Name: Sodium Croscarmellose
- Synonyms: Crosslinked Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose, Croscarmellose Sodium
- Molecular Formula: (C6H7NaO6)n
- CAS Number: 74811-65-7
- Molecular Weight: Varies (due to the degree of polymerization and crosslinking)
- Appearance: White to off-white, free-flowing powder
- Solubility: Insoluble in water but forms a gel in water due to swelling
- pH (1% Solution): 6.0 – 8.0
- Bulk Density: Typically 0.4 to 0.6 g/cm³
- Particle Size: Mostly 100 – 200 mesh, with finer particles for enhanced disintegration
Key Properties:
- Disintegration: Sodium croscarmellose swells in the presence of water, helping to break down tablets rapidly and aiding in the uniform dispersion of the active pharmaceutical ingredients.
- Flowability: Good flow properties for use in direct compression tablet formulations.
- Compatibility: It is generally compatible with most excipients used in tablets, including binders, lubricants, and fillers.
- Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions; however, it should be stored in a dry, cool place to avoid excessive moisture uptake.
Applications:
- Pharmaceutical: Primarily used as a disintegrant in tablet and capsule formulations to ensure rapid disintegration and drug release.
- Food and Cosmetics: Occasionally used as a stabilizer or thickening agent in food and personal care products.
Sodium croscarmellose is a commonly used excipient in pharmaceuticals and food products. It serves as a disintegrant, meaning it helps tablets or capsules break down in the body so the active ingredients can be absorbed. While it is generally considered safe, there are some potential side effects and precautions to keep in mind.
Possible Side Effects:
- Allergic Reactions: Though rare, some individuals may have allergic reactions to sodium croscarmellose. Symptoms may include rash, itching, or swelling (particularly of the face/tongue/throat), dizziness, or difficulty breathing. Seek medical help immediately if these symptoms occur.
- Digestive Issues: In rare cases, some people may experience digestive issues like bloating, gas, or constipation, though these symptoms are not common.
- Overuse Risks: If consumed in large quantities, excessive sodium croscarmellose may cause an imbalance in electrolytes, particularly sodium, which could have negative effects on heart and kidney function.
Precautions:
- Pre-existing Allergies: If you have a known allergy to sodium croscarmellose or other ingredients used in pharmaceuticals, inform your healthcare provider.
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: While sodium croscarmellose is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, it’s important to consult your doctor before taking any medication or supplements containing this ingredient.
- Kidney or Heart Issues: Because it can affect electrolyte balance, people with pre-existing kidney or heart conditions should consult their doctor before using medications containing sodium croscarmellose.
- Interactions: Sodium croscarmellose is typically not involved in significant drug interactions, but always inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are currently taking, including over-the-counter and herbal products.