Ethopabate Powder
Ethopabate is a veterinary medication primarily used as a coccidiostat in poultry to prevent and treat coccidiosis, a parasitic disease affecting chickens. It functions by inhibiting the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate in the folic acid metabolic pathway of the parasite, thereby exerting its anticoccidial effects.
Chemical Properties:
- Molecular Formula: C₁₂H₁₅NO₄
- Molecular Weight: 237.25 g/mol
- Appearance: White to pale reddish-white, odorless powder
- Solubility: Very slightly soluble in water; soluble in chloroform and methanol; sparingly soluble in ethanol; slightly soluble in ether
- Melting Point: 142–143°C
- Boiling Point: 426.1°C at 760 mmHg
- Flash Point: 211.5°C
Usage in Poultry: Ethopabate is utilized in poultry feeds to control coccidiosis. It is often combined with other anticoccidial agents, such as amprolium and sulfaquinoxaline, to enhance efficacy. For instance, a combination of amprolium, ethopabate, and sulfaquinoxaline is approved for use in formula feeds for chickens.
Safety and Handling: Ethopabate is considered safe for use in poultry when administered according to recommended guidelines. It is non-toxic, non-mutagenic, and non-carcinogenic, and does not accumulate in poultry. However, it is important to handle the powder with care, avoiding inhalation and contact with skin and eyes. In case of accidental exposure, seek medical attention promptly.
Availability: Ethopabate powder is available from various suppliers. For example, Shreeji Pharma International offers Ethopabate powder with a purity of 98%, available in quantities starting from 25 kilograms. The product is stored at room temperature and has a shelf life of 3 to 5 years.
Dosage and Administration
- Typically incorporated into feed at concentrations ranging from 2 to 16 ppm (parts per million), depending on the poultry species and stage of growth.
- Always follow manufacturer guidelines and veterinary recommendations to avoid toxicity or resistance.
Safety and Handling
- Toxicity: Generally low when used at recommended levels, but overdoses may harm poultry health.
- Protective Measures: Use gloves and masks when handling to prevent inhalation or skin contact.
- Withdrawal Period: Ensure a withdrawal period before slaughter to avoid drug residues in meat.
Storage
- Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight.
- Keep in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption.
Regulatory Status
- Approved in many countries for use in poultry, but regulations vary. Always check local guidelines for permissible usage and residue limits.
Ethopabate is a medication primarily used in veterinary medicine as a treatment for coccidiosis in livestock and poultry. It's an antiprotozoal drug, effective against certain protozoa that cause coccidiosis.
Some potential side effects and warnings associated with Ethopabate powder include:
- Toxicity in Overdose: Overdosing can lead to toxicity, causing symptoms such as lethargy, anorexia (loss of appetite), diarrhea, and, in severe cases, organ damage.
- Gastrointestinal Upset: Some animals may experience mild gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
- Allergic Reactions: In rare cases, some animals may develop allergic reactions, leading to symptoms like swelling, hives, or difficulty breathing. Immediate veterinary attention is needed in these cases.
- Impact on Young Animals: It should be used cautiously in very young or weakened animals, as they may be more susceptible to adverse effects.
- Liver or Kidney Issues: Prolonged or improper use may cause liver or kidney damage in some animals, particularly at high doses.
- Withdrawal Period: Animals treated with Ethopabate should not be slaughtered for food consumption or used for milk production until the specified withdrawal period has passed, as it can be harmful to humans.